Working draft — Scientific review: pending | Regulatory review: pending | Not for external clinical or promotional use without independent verification

References

Complete citation library for all evidence cited across the Cannabinoid Therapeutics Evidence Matrix. All references have been internally cross-checked; independent scientific and regulatory verification is pending.

46
Total citations
31
RCTs
8
Reviews / meta-analyses
35
With DOI
Showing 46 of 46 references
1

Devinsky O et al. Trial of Cannabidiol for Drug-Resistant Seizures in the Dravet Syndrome. NEJM 2017;376(21):2011–2020.

EpilepsyRCTDOI1
2

Devinsky O et al. Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. NEJM 2018;378(20):1888–1897.

EpilepsyRCTDOI2
3

Thiele EA et al. Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial. Lancet 2018;391(10125):1085–1096.

EpilepsyRCTDOI3
4

Thiele EA et al. Cannabidiol in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex–associated seizures. JAMA Neurol 2021;78(3):285–292.

EpilepsyRCTDOI4
5

Leweke FM et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012;2:e94.

PsychiatryRCTDOI5
6

McGuire P et al. Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2018;175(3):225–231.

PsychiatryRCTDOI6
7

Boggs DL et al. The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on cognition and symptoms in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Psychopharmacology 2018;235(7):1923–1932.

PsychiatryRCTDOI7
8

Bhattacharyya S et al. Effect of Cannabidiol on Medial Temporal, Midbrain, and Striatal Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2018;75(11):1107–1117.

PsychiatryRCTDOI8
9

Bergamaschi MM et al. Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011;36(6):1219–1226.

PsychiatryRCTDOI9
10

Crippa JA et al. Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. J Psychopharmacol 2011;25(1):121–130.

PsychiatryRCTDOI10
11

Linares IM et al. Cannabidiol presents an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve in a simulated public speaking test. Braz J Psychiatry 2019;41(1):9–14.

PsychiatryRCTDOI11
12

Bonn-Miller MO et al. The Short-Term Impact of 3 Smoked Cannabis Preparations versus Placebo on PTSD Symptoms: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2021;16(3):e0246990.

PsychiatryRCTDOI12
13

Hurd YL et al. Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2019;176(11):911–922.

AddictionRCTDOI13
14

Freeman TP et al. Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive Bayesian trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2020;7(10):865–874.

AddictionRCTDOI14
15

Aran A et al. Cannabidiol-Based Medical Cannabis in Children with Autism – a Retrospective Feasibility Study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019.

PsychiatryCase SeriesDOI15
16

Beal JE et al. Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995;10(2):89–97.

Oncology / SupportiveRCTDOI16
17

Tramèr MR et al. Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review. BMJ 2001;323(7303):16–21.

Oncology / SupportiveMeta-analysisDOI17
18

Whiting PF et al. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;313(24):2456–2473.

MultipleMeta-analysisDOI18
19

Müller-Vahl KR et al. Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003.

NeurologyRCTDOI19
20

Collin C et al. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2007;14(3):290–296.

NeurologyRCTDOI20
21

Novotna A et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, enriched-design study of nabiximols (Sativex), as add-on therapy, in subjects with refractory spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2011;18(9):1122–1131.

NeurologyRCTDOI21
22

Johnson JR et al. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC:CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010;39(2):167–179.

PainRCTDOI22
23

Portenoy RK et al. Nabiximols for opioid-treated cancer patients with poorly-controlled chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, graded-dose trial. J Pain 2012;13(5):438–449.

PainRCTDOI23
24

Lichtman AH et al. Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of nabiximols oromucosal spray as an adjunctive therapy in advanced cancer patients with chronic uncontrolled pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018;55(2):179–188.

PainRCTDOI24
25

Elms L et al. Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series. J Altern Complement Med 2019.

PsychiatryCase SeriesDOI25
26

Narayan AJ et al. Cannabidiol for moderate–severe insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot trial of 150 mg nightly dosing. J Clin Sleep Med 2024;20(5):753–763.

SleepRCTDOI26
27

Aychman MM et al. Cannabidiol's neuroprotective properties and potential treatment of traumatic brain injuries. Front Neurol 2023.

NeurologyReviewDOI27
28

Epidyolex 100 mg/ml oral solution — UK Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). Medicines.org.uk.

RegulatorySmPC / Regulatory28
29

European Medicines Agency. Epidyolex EPAR: medicine overview.

RegulatorySmPC / Regulatory29
30

Thiele EA et al. Cannabidiol in tuberous sclerosis complex–associated seizures. JAMA Neurology 2021.

EpilepsyRCTDOI30
31

O'Brien TJ et al. Adjunctive transdermal cannabidiol for adults with focal epilepsy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open 2022.

EpilepsyRCTDOI31
32

EpiFOS trial. Cannabidiol Oral Solution for Focal-Onset Seizures. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07233239.

EpilepsyTrial Registry32
33

Gao Y et al. Novel cannabidiol aspartame combination treatment (JW-100) significantly reduces ISGA score in atopic dermatitis. J Cosmetic Dermatology 2022.

DermatologyRCTDOI33
34

Casedas G et al. Cannabidiol: a systematic review of clinical evidence. 2024.

MultipleReview34
35

Puaratanaarunkon T et al. Topical cannabidiol-based treatment for psoriasis: a dual-centre randomized placebo-controlled study. JEADV 2022.

DermatologyRCTDOI35
36

Yoo EH et al. Cannabinoids and their receptors in skin diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023.

DermatologyReviewDOI36
37

Botanix Pharmaceuticals. BTX 1503 acne Phase 2 study results presentation. 2019.

DermatologyRCT37
38

Ali A, Akhtar N. The safety and efficacy of 3% Cannabis seeds extract cream for reduction of human cheek skin sebum and erythema content. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015.

DermatologyRCT38
39

Peyravian N et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol on acne. 2022.

DermatologyReview39
40

Dvorak M et al. Topical/transdermal cannabidiol systematic review. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2022.

DermatologyReviewDOI40
41

Effect of CBD-Based Vaginal Suppositories on Menopausal Symptoms. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06804889.

Female HealthTrial Registry41
42

Costantino D et al. Vaginal hyaluronic acid suppositories in postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. Climacteric 2008.

Female HealthRCTDOI42
43

DREAMLAND Study. Cannabidiol-enriched extract oil for postoperative chronic pelvic pain secondary to endometriosis. 2026.

Female HealthRCT43
44

ENDOCAN-1. Pilot randomized controlled trial of MRX1 CBD for endometriosis-associated pain.

Female HealthRCT44
45

Whitaker LHR et al. Endometriosis: cannabidiol therapy for symptom relief. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024.

Female HealthReviewDOI45
46

Cannabinoids and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05632627.

NeurologyTrial Registry46

References have been internally cross-checked against PubMed, NICE, NHS Digital, ONS, and charity sources. Independent scientific and regulatory verification is pending. This list is not exhaustive and is updated periodically as new evidence becomes available. Dosing information cited in the evidence matrix reflects published literature ranges and SmPC data; it does not constitute prescribing recommendations.